0 Respiratory Distress in Newborn



 Respiratory Distress in Newborn 

1. Tachypnoea - >60

2. Respiratory distress - Tachypnoea + Increase work of breathing
                                                            - Dilation of Ala Nasi
                                                            - Intercostal & Subcostal retractions
                                                            - Grunting

 Causes  

1. Preterm : HMD (=RDS) - Most Common in preterm

2. Term : 
  • TTNB (Transient tachypnoea of newborn)
  • MAS (Meconium aspiration syndrome)

3. Congenital : Diaphragmatic Hernia , Tracheo-oesophageal fistula


Diaphragmatic hernia - (Surgical Emergency)
  • Scaphoid Abdomen
  • Barrel shaped chest
  • Mediastinal shift to right (in Bochdalek)
  • Apparent Dextrocardia (in Bochdalek)
  • Peristaltic sounds on left side (in Bochdalek)


Develops from ( for a related MCQ - Click here )
a. Septum transversum
b. Pleuroperitoneal Membrane
c. Dorsal Oesophageal mesentry
d. Body wall
e. Cervical Myotome

Types : Read More
  • Bochdalek (90% cases) - Left Posterior ( Mnemonic : BPL ) 
  • Morgagni - Right Anterior ( Mnemonic : ARM)

There is Pulmonary hypoplasia due to this and it causes distress.

Bag and Mask ventilation is Contraindicated in diaph. hernia.
Because some air goes to stomach and distends it - thus press diaph. even more.

So Intubate.


Tracheo-oesophageal Fistula : Not Emergency

MC - Upper end blind and lower end communicate with trachea.
Sign - Nasogastric tube coils in upper end of oesophagus.
  • Dribbling saliva from mouth
  • Aspiration of gastric juice (Aspiration Pneumonia - This is Emergency)

Do Continuous Suction and prop the child up.





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