MedicoNotebook: Obs n Gynae

Showing posts with label Obs n Gynae. Show all posts

0 Surfactant

Phosphatidyl choline (65%)

Phosphatidyl glycerol ( It is the major surfactant absent deficient in premature)

Phosphatidyl ethanolamine

Phosphatidyl inositol

Protein A, B, C, D

Low Ms-AFP --- 1. Chromosomal Trisomy
2. Gestational trophoblastic diseases

Low LAP -------- 1. PNH
2. CML

Inhibin A --------- 1. Down's
2. Granulosa Cell Tumor

Inhibin B ---------- Ovarian Reserve Test

(The most commonly used test to assess this ovarian reserve is the day 3 FSH test. )

0 Triple Test

AFP	Unconjugated Estriol (UE3)	hCG	Condition
Low	Low	High	Down’s
Low	Low	Low	Edward’s

Triple test is done at 16 - 18 wks

0 Obstetric Confusing treatment (Simplified)

Few PG entrance questions on Treatment : (Simplified)

Treatment	PPH	Ectopic	Threatened Abortion
PGF 2alpha	+	+
Misoprost (E1)	+		+
Mifepristone	-	+	-

0 HBV - Mother to child

HBV is a large virus and does not cross the placenta, hence it cannot infect the fetus unless there have been breaks in the maternal-fetal barrier, e.g. via amniocentesis. Still, pregnant women who are infected with HBV can transmit their disease to their babies at birth. If not vaccinated at birth, many of these babies develop lifelong HBV infections, and many develop liver failure or liver cancer later in life.

0 Nobel Prize 2010

Robert Edwards has been awarded the 2010 Nobel Prize for Physiology or Medicine for his IVF (human in-vitro fertilization) therapy - Edwards is known as the father of the test tube baby.

0 AFP

In normal fetuses, AFP binds the hormone estradiol. AFP is measured , in pregnant women using maternal blood or amniotic fluid, as a screening test for a subset of developmental abnormalities:
It is principally increased in open neural tube defects and omphalocoele & decreased in Down syndrome.

It is also measured in non-pregnant women, other adults, and children, serving as a biomarker to detect a subset of tumors.

In adults, levels over 500 nanograms/milliliter of AFP are seen in only three situations: Hepatocellular carcinoma, Germ cell tumors, and metastatic cancer in the liver originating from other primary tumors elsewhere.