0 Restricted diffusion (MRI)

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MCQ 166

Q. Which of the following defines "Restricted Diffusion" in MRI ?

a. Hyperintense on DWI, Hypointense on ADC
b. Hypointense on DWI, Hyperintense on ADC
c. Hyperintense on DWI and ADC
d. Hypointense on DWI and ADC

ANSWER:

Answer: A (Hyperintense on DWI, Hypointense on ADC)
Explanation: See - Diffusion MRI

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MedicoNotebook - Founder : DrShiviMudgal , Co-Founder : DrAyushGoel

1 Paragangliomas

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Paraganglion is defined as non neuronal cell derived from the neural crest.

Types:

• Chromaffin cells (Sympathetic paraganglion)
• Pathology e.g.-  Pheochromocytoma

• Non chromaffin cells (Para-sympathetic paraganglion) 
• Pathology e.g.- Carotid body tumor, Glomus juglare, Glomus tympanicum
• [ sometimes called Glomus tumors* ]

*Not to be confused with Glomangioma which are also called Glomus tumors: benign vascular tumors (75% in hand).

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MedicoNotebook - Founder : DrShiviMudgal , Co-Founder : DrAyushGoel

0 Medical one liners 391 - 400

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391. Bouquet of flowers appearance = paintbrush appearance - seen in Medullary sponge kidney on IVP.

392.Gallbladder ghost triad - seen sonographically in Biliary atresia

• atretic gallbladder length <19 mm, 
• thin or absent mucosal lining or indistinct wall, 
• irregular gallbladder contour

393. Triangular cord sign : Sonographic sign showing > 4mm thickness of echogenic anterior wall of the right portal vein (EARPV) in cases of Biliary Atresia.

394. Omental cake can be seen in Metastases (most common) from ovarian, gastric or colon cancer, Tuberculous peritonitis and Lymphoma.

395. Absence of swallow tail sign - Parkinson's disease.

396. Aphthous ulcers are seen in Crohn's disease. They are NEVER seen in Ulcerative colitis.

397. Lobster claw sign: seen in papillary necrosis.

398. Manta ray sign seen in bladder exstrophy.

399. Eye of tiger sign seen in Hallervorden-Spatz syndrome.

400. Uterine choriocarcinoma can occur following molar pregnancy, abortion and even normal pregnancy.

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MedicoNotebook - Founder : DrShiviMudgal , Co-Founder : DrAyushGoel

0 Medical one liners 381 - 390

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381. Most common leukaemia in downs syndrome - ALL

382. Leukodystrophy (Dysmyelinating disease) with amino acid metabolism disorder - Canavan disease.

383. Primary extra-gastrointestinal stromal tumors - mostly found in - omentum and mesentery.

384. Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) = Lou Gehrig's Disease - between the ages of 40 and 70 - affects corticospinal tracts (runs through posterior limb of internal capsule).

385. Weigert-Meyer law : (for complete duplication of renal collecting system and ureters)

• Upper renal moiety - Hydronephrosis ; distal end in bladder offten has ureterocele
• Lower renal moiety - shows frequent reflux (inserts ectopically - lateral and superior in bladder)

386. Psammoma body associations :

• Papillary thyroid carcinoma
• Mesothelioma
• Papillary renal cell carcinoma
• Serous papillary ovarian adenocarcinoma
• Endometrial adenocarcinomas (papillary serous carcinoma)
• Meningioma

387. Goldblatt kidney - constriction of the renal artery - renal ischemia - release of renin - hypertension.

388. The superior anastomotic vein or Vein of Trolard drains the superficial middle cerebral vein into  superior sagittal sinus.

389. The inferior anastomotic vein or Vein of Labbe drains the superficial middle cerebral vein into transverse sinus.

390. Chang’s sign - seen in pulmonary embolism - abrupt change in diameter of pulmonary artery.

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MedicoNotebook - Founder : DrShiviMudgal , Co-Founder : DrAyushGoel